Saturday, August 31, 2019

Letter of Advice Essay

A. Interpersonal communication is a process composed of multiple elements and skill and practice are required to be an effective communicator. II. Evaluate appropriate levels of self disclosure in relationships. A. Taking risks is the only way we can learn, feel, grow, and have meaningful relationships. 1. Self-disclosure has many advantages in building interpersonal relationships. 2. As a relationship progresses, people begin to reveal more details about themselves and their lives to the other person. B. Self-disclosure is an important requirement for friendships as well as intimate relationships. 1. Self-disclosure allows you to reduce uncertainty about each other and to predict how costly or how rewarding future interactions with another person will be. C. Self disclosure to another person, in a sense you are placing a border on him or her to share information with you to approximately the same degree. III. Define emotional intelligence and its role ineffective interpersonal relationships. A. Emotions as the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. 1. Feelings arise when we add thought and interpretation to these physical reactions. 2. Emotions are neither good nor bad, neither right nor wrong; they are simply part of being human. IV. Describing strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts. A. Conflict can be described as angry disagreement. B. When conflict erupts, emotions are involved, and the relationships can be threatened if the conflict is not resolved amicably. C. Conflict can be dangerous because it has a tendency to grow and worsen, but it can also have important benefits that can strengthen a relationship and might even be desirable. V. Communication is Personalized A. This personalized communication streamlines the messages between people in the relationship. However, it serves another purpose as well; it can create an intimate bond between them that no one else shares, and much like a secret that they share; it can help to strengthen the connections between the individuals. VI. Interpersonal Communications A. Interpersonal communication is a lifelong study that requires ongoing  practice for everyone. B. Five essential aspects of interpersonal communication are listening skills, people skills, emotional intelligence, appropriate skill selection, and communicating ethically.

Friday, August 30, 2019

A Midsummer Night’s Dream- A Shakespearean Comedy Essay

Desperate lovers, mischievous fairies, bad actors, and a flower which causes love upon first sight-these are just some of the components that add to the comedic flavour of Shakespeare’s work _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_. The main elements of a classic Shakespearean comedy are clearly portrayed in this play. An identity mix-up of Lysander and Demetrius, continuous references to music and dance to signify happy events and finally a happy ending all help to prove that _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ is indeed a comedy. The plot of a Shakespearean comedy often includes a mix up of identity. In _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and rubs the love potion on his eyes. As a result, Lysander stops loving Hermia and instead falls in love with Helena. When Puck and Oberon find Lysander wooing Helena, Puck realizes his mistake and admits to Oberon, â€Å"This is the woman, but not the man.† (3.2.42). Puck’s mistake helps to develop the plot as well as bring out several comedic situations throughout the play, such as the quarrel between Hermia and Helena. This mistaken identity helps to make this Shakespearean work a comedy. Although Shakespearean plays often have tragic endings, his comedies end on optimistic notes, which are often signified through several marriages. _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ ends with the grand marriages of Duke Theseus and the lovers Hermia and Lysander as well as Helena and Demetrius. Upon finding the lovers in the forest, Theseus decides to ignore Egeus’s will, â€Å"Egeus I will overbear your will† (4.1.177). and chooses to marry the lovers. He declares, â€Å"For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit† (4.1.178-180). The lovers are elated and everyone at the court watches the mechanicals’ hilarious performance of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† as a way to happily wait for their nuptial hour. This happy ending helps to keep the comedic air alive in the play. Throughout the play, several references are made to reveling through dance and song as a way to signify and bless happy events. This is shown when Titania asks Oberon to join her in blessing the marriage of Theseus and  Hippolyta. She asks, â€Å"If you will patiently dance in our round, / And see our moonlight revels, go with us.† (2.1.140-141). Through this quote, Titania refers to dance as a way to bring happiness to the marriage of the Royals. The dance and song throughout the play lighten the mood of the play, helping it become a comedy. The mistaken identities of Lysander and Demetrius, the reveling through dance and song, and the happy ending, which is symbolized through several marriages help prove that _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ is indeed a comedy. The inclusions of these basic elements make a comical and entertaining play for all audiences to enjoy. WORKS CITED Gill Roma, ed. _A Midsummer Night’s Dream._ Great Clarendon Street, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2005. A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM: ESSAY PREPARED BY: RISHITA APSANI PREPARED FOR: MR.LANDRY DATE: 12/13/2007 Rishita Apsani English

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Alienation and Isolation in The Metamorphosis Essay

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka is a reflection on how alienation and isolation begin and develop in a society by employing the characters in his novella as a representation of society as a whole. Using Gregor’s manager to demonstrate the initiation of isolation and alienation of a person, Gregor as the person being isolated and the inhabitants of the Samsa household as the other members of society, Kafka creates an effective model to represent the hierarchically structured effect of isolationism and alienation in society on a larger scale. Kafka uses the company Gregor is forced to work for to illustrate the hierarchical effect of isolation and alienation, where the initiation of isolationism begins at the top of the hierarchy and thus creates a ripple effect down through the rest of society. The manager of the company that Gregor must work for due to a family debt is the representative Kafka chooses to demonstrate the most important person in the hierarchy. By waking up as an insect and being late for work, Gregor has broken his conformity to the parameters of what is tolerated by the company, so the manager himself comes to deal with the issue since such circumstances can â€Å"only be entrusted to the intelligence of the manager† (Kafka, 13). This, as well as how the family treats the manager as nicely as possible when he arrives demonstrates the importance of the manager’s decisions and their respect for authority. Further demonstrating the importance of his decisions, the manager is the first to react to Gregor’s transformation by threatening, â€Å"your position is not at all the most secure† (17) when Gregor will not open his door. This shows that he has the ability to completely disrupt Gregor’s place in the hierarchy and in doing so, isolate and alienate him from the rest of society. The manager remarks, â€Å"that was an animal’s voice† (20) when Gregor speaks, which alienates Gregor from humanity and reacts strongly to the sight of Gregor by â€Å"pressing his hand against his open mouth and moving back slowly† (23). After firing Gregor, the manager flees the building which causes the initiation of Gregor’s isolation since work was the most important and most time consuming thing in his life. This shows that as with society in general, the person in charge holds tremendous influence over the rest of the population and is capable of initiat ing the idea that a person must be isolated. Just because the figure in power decrees that a person is not a good member of society and should be isolated, however, does not mean that all members of society react the same way. the spectrum of views that members of society take against those who have been isolated is shown through Kafka’s portrayal of the Samsa family’s reaction to his transformation. Gregor’s father represents those who respect authority and immediately agree with those higher in the hierarchy and unquestioningly aid in the isolation process. He wears a â€Å"blue uniform with gold buttons† (62) even when he is at home, asleep on a chair in the living room which demonstrates the value he places on the system. This is also illustrated as soon as the manager reacts to Gregor’s deviation from normal when Mr. Samsa begins to â€Å"drive Gregor back into his room by waving the cane and the newspaper† (29). Other members of the family, however, react differently to the situat ion. Grete is the closest to Gregor and is the most sympathetic to him immediately after his transformation by placing milk in his room, which â€Å"was his favourite drink and which his sister had currently placed there for that reason† (34). Her reaction to Gregor’s isolation demonstrates the opposite of Mr. Samsa’s by being as considerate as he is forceful in Gregor’s alienation. Her relationship with Gregor demonstrates how in society, those who know the person being isolated before its initiation are most likely to resist helping to enforce the isolation. However, Kafka understands that people are very dynamic and often change their opinions. Grete undergoes a change in perspective to such a degree that by the end of the novella it is she who declares, â€Å"we must get rid of it† (84). This change in perspective shows how Kafka believes that members of society often stop sympathizing with the isolated group when it becomes inconvenient for them to continue doing so. Gregor’s mother reacts in an initial manner somewhere between the father and sister since when first seeing him she â€Å"went two steps toward Gregor and collapsed right in the middle of her skirts† (23). These conflicting desires continue through the novella, such as when Mr. Samsa tries to kill Gregor, â€Å"she begged him to spare Gregor’s life† (65) but at the same time she is repulsed by him. This illustrates how she wants to help him and tries to think of him the same way she did before his transformation, yet is unable to. This resembles the idealists in society who theoretically support the alienated person but often succumb to social pressures when they are forced to face the problem. These three reactions to Gregor’s transformation as a result of the initiation of his isolation by the manager demonstrate the spectrum of reactions. From the immediate acceptance of the hierarchy represented by Mr. Samsa, to the true compassion of Grete and the idealism of Mrs. Samsa, Kafka shows how a wide variety of reactions is expected from society, and how people often change their opinions. Similarly to how social pressures affect his mother, Gregor is also convinced through his respect for authority that he deserves the isolation enforced on him by society. He believes those above him in the hierarchy to such an extent that he eventually reaches the conclusion that he would be better off dead that to have his family suffering because of his presence. Like his father, Gregor has a strong respect for authority and served in the military until his father, who is an authoritative figure in his life, needed financial help so he became â€Å"almost overnight, a traveling salesman, who naturally had entirely different possibilities for earning money (†¦) which could be set out on the table at home in front of his astonished and delighted family† (43). Gregor’s decision to help his family pay off their debt without thinking of the effect it would have on his own happiness or considering refusing shows how firmly he is entrenched in the hierarchical system. The belief that authoritative figures are always correct leads him to think that since society dictates that he is worthless and deserves isolation, he would be better off dead than a burden to society. This is shown after Grete and Mr. Samsa decide that they want him gone, but Gregor’s â€Å"own thought that he had to disappear was, if possible, even more decisive than his sisters† (89). He overhears his family bemoaning their misfortune and since they are above him on the hierarchical structure, Gregor believes that he has to die in order to spare them the trouble of having to deal with him. This illustrates how Kafka believes that society is so dependent on a hierarchical structure and the guidance from authoritative figures that they cannot think for themselves and even the person who is isolated may still respect and follow those higher in the hierarchy. This is the final step in the transmission of an idea through a social hierarchy whereby everyone believes that a person is lesser and should not exist, including the alienated person themselves. The Metamorphosis comes together to show the hierarchical pattern Kafka believes a society follows in regard to isolation and alienation. He uses the manager of the company Gregor works for to model the instigation of isolationism, which in society is determined by the most important person in the hierarchy. Gregor’s family represents society as a whole and is used to illustrate the variety of reactions the people in society after they are told who to alienate. These reactions range from immediate, unquestioning agreement with those higher in the hierarchy, to idealistically supporting the isolated person, to sympathizing with and trying to help the alienated person. He also uses Grete to demonstrate the dynamic state of human reactions, by changing from sympathetic and caring to vicious and unsupportive by the end of the novella. Kafka continues this shaping of society from the hierarchical structure by causing Gregor himself to agree with the authoritative figures in his life and conform to the idea that he is worthless, thus imposing self-isolation. the interactions between the characters in The Metamorphosis show how Kafka believes that the isolation and alienation of a person in society is initiated by those at the top of the social hierarchy and works its way down through the hierarchy until eventually everyone in society has been influenced to accept the initial decision of one person. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Trans. Ian Johnstone. Nanaimo: Malaspina University-College, 1999.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Fight or flight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fight or flight - Essay Example In the case of Coleen Colombo and colleagues resisting mortgage fraud, it is a fight response. Colombo and his colleagues have perceived a threat in the form of mortgage fraud. The appropriate mode through which they have chosen to deal with this threat is through defending their interest. Resisting mortgage fraud is a fighting mechanism employed by Colombo and his colleague with the intention of going face to face with the exposed stress. The fight response has been enhanced by the fact that Colombo and his colleagues are aware of ways through mortgage fraud can be managed (Arnetz & Ekman, 2006). It was appropriate for Colombo and his colleagues to choose a fight response over a flight response. Mortgage fraud is an act that goes against normal, ethical practices. If Colombo and his Colleagues would have chosen the flight response, which would have meant that they are afraid of standing up for their rights. The decision to resist fraud has come as a result of Colombo and his colleagues ready to take the required measures in combating fraud. The measures, that they can use in this case as a fight response is demanding a refund from the mortgage company or reporting the matter to the police who will follow up with arrests (Kottler & Chen,

Business Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Administration - Assignment Example Fundamentally, the studying business administration equips learners with the skills to operate businesses in an ethical manner. A number of factors have motivated me to choose to pursue Master of Business Administration in the future. First, the unethical practices, which my previous employers exhibited, influenced me to pursue the degree. The employers did not practice the ethical practices needed in the contemporary business world. Second, working in the warehouse with no chances of career growth motivated to choose the degree. Third, poor pay with no appreciation of my efforts compelled me to explore competitive degrees that can lead to well-paying jobs. Finally, the disrespect from employers and constant termination of job coupled with slow work and insufficient time persuaded me to seek to pursue Master of Business Administration in the future. A master degree in Business Administration will equip me with the knowledge regarding business practices that will facilitate the professional execution of my tasks in the future job to satisfy my employers. Similarly, the degree will place me in an excellent position to secure better jobs with competitive pay. I confidently believe that Master of Business Administration will enable me to attain full career and professional  growth.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Application Case 3-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Application Case 3-1 - Assignment Example sexual harassment cases have been formally indicated, investigated and confirmed, an employee should be terminated; then, the same action should be applied to the president, as well. The handling of sexual harassment cases is considered complicated due to the following reasons: (1) due to its sensitive nature, there are almost always no witnesses; (2) the cases should be handled on a case-to-case basis; (3) reporting the incident was considered fact-specific, subjective, and takes into account the credibility of both the accuser and the accused; and (4) evolving behavioral changes with regards to accepting some patterns of behavior differ through time (Pfeiffer & Henneman, p. 90). Consistency in handling sexual harassment claims is important because there could be legal sanctions and cases filed for discrimination if employers would treat their employees differently in situations where sexual harassment complaints are made. As such, based on company policies or codes of discipline and ethical behavior, organizations should clearly and explicitly stipulate instances that render the behavior as veering towards sexual harassment (irrespective of race, gender, age, length of service, position in the company, and other factors noted in the Equal Employment Opportunities

Monday, August 26, 2019

Organizational Effectiveness Amid the Labour Crisis Essay

Organizational Effectiveness Amid the Labour Crisis - Essay Example Professor Peter Cappelli further argued that the problem arises because of the lack of competency to manage the welfare of employees. On the other hand, Blackler and Shimmin (1984) anticipated that the demands for cost savings and improved efficiency will raise many issues of conflict within the organization based on certain events that has been affecting the UK economy. The means to organizational effectiveness were proposed by management theories that were believed to have provided solutions to dilemmas faced by businesses in the past. â€Å"New and theoretical knowledge often becomes part of the repertoire of the science of organisational behaviour, functioning as technologies of regulation which are used to control and discipline employees† (Thompson and McHugh, 2002, p. 297) In addition, these were aimed at discovering the patters to employee behaviour, and the forces that define employee work morale. The scientific management theory concentrated decision making in the ha nds of the employers, while employees were regarded as no more than "manpower—the energy or force required to propel the organizational machine† (Morgan, 1986, p.29). Alternatively, the human relations movement was able to identify other key aspects to employee motivation, and extended the role of the manager. Many changes have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, and while monetary benefits are still the primary objectives in seeking for employment, some tendencies are no longer observed. The assumed patterns of behaviour by employees relevant to their personal and financial interest in the company is hard to prove these days. Current Labour Trends Developing countries are not the only ones to suffer the blows of recession. The United Kingdom, despite favourable performance in the stock market, is also faced with problems associated with the rise in costs of goods and services. The UK per capita income has declined tremendously owing to the trends in the labour ma rket—to include unemployment, underemployment and part-time services. According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the unemployment rate increased to 8.1% in 2011, and jobless rate for 16 to 24 year olds totalled to 991,000 in the first quarter (BBC, 2011). Result of the survey by the EEF, a manufacturers’ organization in the UK, showed that the manufacturing sector, which is among the highest provider of jobs, averaged 2.2% in settlements for laid off employees. As a result, the number of people claiming jobseeker’s allowance rose by 19,600 in May, which was twice as expected (Peacock, 2011). The rationale behind the decisions of many companies in the United Kingdom to terminate services of a large portion of their workforce has been defined by economic professionals. The firms are inclined to regulate their internal costs to compensate for the drop in revenues. The government was first to take the move, â€Å"with the vocal support of the bankers wh o caused the recession, by deliberately creating unemployment with public sector cuts†, secretary general of the GMB union, Paul Kenny, said (as cited from Peacock, 2011). Similarly, manufacturers worry about the ever increasing cost of production, and tried to reduce allotment for salaries by retrenchment and insisting overtime on those not removed from the payroll. Others chose to outsource their operations, and resulted in reduced domestic employment. Underemployment is a different issue. Because there is not enough full-time jobs available, underemployed workers were

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Investigating business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigating business - Assignment Example It set an objective to introduce the theme park’s proven chainable brands internationally, such as Legoland Discovery Centers, Madame Tussauds and SEA LIFE. By constant monitoring its visitor satisfaction, Alton Tower sets targets of delivering memorable experiences to its fans, consolidating and embracing these opportunities (Merlin Entertainment, n.d). Alton Towers is one of Merlin Entertainments brands and UK’s number one Theme Park, with the thirty- eight million visitors. This leading short break resort offers an extensive range of rides, attractions, hotels, restaurants created and served  for the whole family to have fun together. Set in five hundred acres of the Staffordshire Moorlands, it has a significant importance on the well- being of the surrounding area (Alton Towers n.d.). The company strives to create a high growth international family entertainment institution, which will be able to provide its consumers with the wide  portfolio of its services. As its objectives, Alton. It set an objective to introduce the theme park’s proven chainable brands internationally, such as Legoland Discovery Centers, Madame Tussauds and SEA LIFE. The company positions its theme parks as short break destinations, because it will optimize the market reach and use of assets. By constant monitoring its visitor satisfaction, Alton Tower sets targets of delivering memorable experiences to its fans, consolidating and embracing these opportunities (Merlin Entertainment, n.d). The organizational structure of Alton Towers as a part of Merlin Entertainment Company consists of the Board of Managers located in Luxembourg. It provides recommendations to all operating companies, including Alton Towers and also make major decisions. However, the strategic decisions on the activities of all the divisions of the Merlin Entertainment are made by the Management Committee. The company is confident enough in ability

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Avon Calls for Foreign Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Avon Calls for Foreign Market - Case Study Example From this paper it is clear that Avon applied product orientation strategy where it produced its goods and went to its customers to check whether they will be interested. Oudan & N.S. U, 2007 observes that this orientation has the advantage of saving the customer the burden to second-guess how a new product would develop. Product orientation allowed Avon to keep producing the items it was good in without having to deal with the risks involved in producing new products. Marketing orientation bears more advantages. In their line of duty, Avon representatives meet people and they get to hear their varying queries, ideas, and needs.  This study outlines that  Avon depends more on foreign markets because they do not stiff competition. There are many cosmetic manufacturers in the U.S. cosmetic industry. Avon’s independent salespersons help advertise products through the word of mouth. This cuts advertising costs that would accrue from other ways of marketing such as media.  Gr owth in the numbers of women who use cosmetics would raise Avon’s profitability. These are women of ages ranging between young adulthood and middle age. On the other hand, if the elderly exceeded the young, Avon’s profitability will go down. Avon targets women and an unbalanced growth in population that would lead to more men than women would reduce Avon’s sales and profitability. Global recession renders some people unemployed because companies resort to lay-offs and retrenchments in order to cut on their costs.

Friday, August 23, 2019

How the breakup of big labor is impacting future labor relations Term Paper

How the breakup of big labor is impacting future labor relations - Term Paper Example However, due to the economic changes and globalization, that influenced the modern labor market, the big labor has almost disappeared from the modern business environment. The following paper will discuss the impact the breakup made on the labor relations and will also illustrate to what extent this breakup influenced the future labor relations. The recent cease of the coalition of U. S. labor, which was created in 1955, has brought a renewed interest in the future of labor relations. Some experts consider such split as the other step in the slow decline of union membership, while others see its influence on the development of a new coalition that is an important step in the revitalization of unions in the United States (Meyerson, 2015). There is an essential consequence of the union split, however, it is not the single factor that can put an impact on the future of unions and labor relations as they are. On the global scale, union developments are perceived as the dynamics of a global economy with its competition in jobs and the new types of workers who decide to join unions. Despite the declining nature of unions across the decades, there were about one out of three Americans in 1950s who was involved in the big labor. On the contrary, today, this sum is eleven per cent of American workers are union members and six per ce nt constitute union member in the private sector. There are no unions among employees of such sectors of the economy as in high-tech, fashion and finance. Such tendency is understandable due to the new generation of people, young activists, who find unions as something left from their great-grandparents’ generation. Those under and over 30 do not notice big labor. However, everyone see the consequences of labor unions. Under the absent a U.S. union movement, the American middle class is shortened, the concentration of wealth increases, however, the corporate domination of government grows. Under the

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Samsung Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Samsung Marketing Plan Essay Samsung Electronics has proven to the business world that they are one of the mostprestigious technology companies in the industry. With more technology advancements thanour market can handle at this point and time, Samsung has paved the way for the future inelectronics. One of the most popular new â€Å"toys† in the market today, is the unbelievable 3D TV. The first 3D TV was launched in March of 2010, and has already had a major impact on themarket. With the release earlier this year, Samsung dominated the market, controlling nearly90% of the total share. Samsung’s product, the 9000 series TV, is incomparable to competitionwith its ultra-thin screen, measuring only 0. 3 inches in width. The 9000 series also comes with afull color spectrum that makes for an incredible viewing experience. Although Samsung is dominating the 3D market, we still have very detailed strategiesand tactics that we believe will give us an increased competitive advantage over our competition. The company’s main emphasis the past couple years has been on integration,union, and encouraging innovation. Samsung is always preparing for the next big item to hit themarket, which is why their technology is so far ahead of all leading competitors. In the future,we plan to enter the 3D video gaming market with a partnership with Microsoft. This will give usaccess to all of Microsoft’s gaming technology, in which we will combine with our quality of sound and viewing stations to create the ultimate gaming experience. Of course, throughoutour journey through this market, we will continue to provide the best ad campaigns for the publicso that they will never forget our product. We will put as much prominence as possible in thesleek design and the one of a kind ultra-thin panel, only available in the Samsung 9000 series. By having an effective ad campaign, we will be able to catch the eye of many different targetgroups. Our major target groups are men around the ages of mid twenties to late thirties,Caucasian males, with a new and growing family. Studies show that this category is more likelyto buy the TV, along with a gaming system, than other aged males. We are also targeting â€Å"CubeTubers†. This is a group that consists of young people who grasp onto new technology quickly.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Importance of Friedns in Life Essay Example for Free

Importance of Friedns in Life Essay Throughout the twenty-eight years of my life, I have had many friends, yet some of them would be called my admirable friends. No one of us can live without a friend. In truth, my friends can be divided into three types: honest friends, caring friends, and bibliophilic friends. My first exciting type of my friends is honest friends. Two of their prime traits are trustworthy and dutiful. They can tell me what the matters are with me even though they may not such good friends after telling. I remembered that when I had to evaluate my listening records, one of my friends said that my first record was terrible. She pointed out my weaknesses, so I could fix them. When I had difficult times, they helped me out and cheered me up. I was so appreciated another of my friends who I had lent money when I was unemployed in 2005. In addition, she spent time to drive me anywhere to look for jobs. This group of friends usually calls me to hang out with them, and we feel really happy together. I often go the mall with them at least once a week even though we cannot find out anything to buy. In short, this type of friends is wonderful for anytime. My second exciting type of my friends is caring friends. Two of their dominant traits are kind and sensitive. They know how to tell me what the problems are by the softest way. Last year, I got into a car accident. One of them came to see me right away after I called her. She had driven me to work and anywhere for two weeks. When my times are hard, they treated me kindly and helped me a lot. I will never forget another of my friends who had fed me for a couple weeks. I also borrowed her $200 at the time I had no job. However, she refused to take it back when I returned. This kind of friends is sensitive to my feelings, and they pay attention to me whether I am happy or sad. We often go out together for dinner or movie. As a result, they are delightful if I share or chat about my problems in my life. My third exciting type of my friends is bibliophilic friends. Two of their leading traits are awkward and intellective. They do not know how to observe on things delicately. By the time I asked my friend that how I dressed, she said that it was too ugly. They are sometimes with me when I have trouble although they are too busy in the libraries or work with their computers. They did not even know that I got into second accident in this January; however, they helped me out with homework from school. I remembered that when grandfather died in 2001, I had not gone to school for a week. One of them tried to write all of my lessons, and another one tried to explain to me those lessons. Nonetheless, they are not the kind of people who like to hang out with. They prefer staying the libraries to going shopping. To sum up, this group of people is satisfactory for a study, but they are not concordant with having fun. In conclusion, my truthful friends, my caring friends, and my bookworms have fulfilled my life with many significant things that they have done for me. I think it is important that we treat our friends well with respect and kindness just like they treat us. I am thankful to have those friends, and I will hold on them forever and ever.

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDIA CONSTRUCTION SECTOR †OVERVIEW

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDIA CONSTRUCTION SECTOR – OVERVIEW The development in  Indian construction industry  feature is almost equal to the construction industry development in other countries. It is founded by the government and gradually it was taken over by the enterprises. After self-government requirement for industrial and infrastructural developments in India, they established the stone of construction, architectural and engineering services. The stage from 1950 to mid 60s witness the government in concert an energetic role in the expansion of these forces and most of construction performance during this period were carried out by state owned enterprises  and supported by government departments. The Indian construction industry is an essential part of the economy and a direct for a considerable part of its development involvement and is positioned for growth on account of urbanization, industrialization and profitable expansion and peoples rising potential for better quality of living (Indo Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2008). IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION: Construction is an important part of any countrys infrastructure and industrial growth. Construction industry, by means of its diffident and forward linkage with various additional industries like cement, steel bricks catalyses service generation in the country (Indian Construction Industry, 2008). Construction can be classified into 3 segments such as 1) Infrastructure 2) Industrial 3) Real Estate FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: In India, construction is the second main economic activity after agriculture. Construction financial records for nearly 65 % of the total investment in infrastructure and is probable to be the main recipient of the surge in infrastructure venture over the next five years. Investment in construction accounts for nearly 11 per cent of Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP). à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬239.68 billion is likely to be invested in the infrastructure sector over the next five to ten years in power, roads, bridges, city infrastructure, ports, airports, telecommunications, which would provide a huge enhancement to the construction industry as a whole. Investment for residential, non residential and civil engineering construction as follows in given table: invst in conc indus Table 1.1 Investment in Construction Industry (Swarup and Mahajan, 2001) Investment into this division could go up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬93.36 billion by FY2010. With such confident prospects in communications, associated industries. For the first time cement is one of the consumptive associated industries is set to exceed the 150-million tone mark. Considering the demand for the commodity, capacity utilization rose to over 100 per cent to touch 102 per cent in January 2007 with dispatches touching 14.10 million tones as against the production of 14 million tones. As opportunity in the sector continues to come to the forefront, foreign direct investment has been moving upwards. The real estate and construction sectors conventional FDI of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬216.53 million in the first half of the current fiscal year (Swarup and Mahajan, 2001). DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: This industrial construction includes the building, renovating, preservation, repair, and destruction of industrial buildings such as (Compliance Information Portal, 2008): crematoriums chemical plants medical waste disposal primary manufacturing oil and gas facilities pulp and paper mills golf courses INDUSTRY SEGMENTS: REAL ESTATE Residential, it covers housing and Development Industrial, it includes Industrial Parks, Factories, Plants Corporate, it includes Office and research Centers Commercial includes retail, shopping malls, Showrooms ,Hotels INFRASTRUCTURE: Indias blooming communications sector is fuelling demand for all kinds of construction equipment. Earlier than the opportunity of the Indian economy, and the entry of worldwide majors, a great deal of infrastructure development and construction in the real estate sector was done manually. But with the infrastructure and construction sectors undergo spectacular changes with 60-storeyed sky-scrapers being built in cities like Mumbai, and thousands of kilometers of expressway and highways being laid across the subcontinent for builders and contractors are acquiring complicated equipment to execute the multi-million-dollar projects. For the construction equipment division, which has adapted rapidly to the distorted situation, this is really good news, as it pave the way for an exciting future. Roads Railways Urban infrastructure (improved housing, water supply and sanitation, schools, universities, health and security, etc.) Ports Airports Power CONSTUCTION INDUSTRY FOR ROAD AND RAIL NETWORK: Mainly countrys economic growth and trade are based on transport.No production can take place unless and until such as raw materials, labor, and fuel can be moved to and from different locations. Without roads, rail, water, and air transport, manufactured products cannot be delivered to consumers. Mainly road transport because it is very cheaper in all of these transport (World Bank Group, 2010). IMPORTANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: India is the second largest road network in the world for road of 3.3 m km. Almost one billion people living in rural areas in rising countries do not have right to use to reliable roads. These roads are important to ensure that farmers get agricultural inputs in time and can get their harvested products to market with minimal cost, disruption, and loss. After 35 years the global population will grow to 2.5 billion. India is a developing country. So most of this expansion will be in urban areas. The number of cities more than one million population will reach to 358 by 2015. This development, coupled with ongoing globalization and trade liberalization, will increase exact for the transport of people and goods (World Bank Group, 2010). The World Bank has delivered $36 billion in lending for the transport sector since 2000. In 2009, lending reached a peak of $6.5 billion, amounting to over 13 percent of the World Banks commitments for the year. The volume of lending anticipated for 2010 is strong and this growth in investment is expected to continue in subsequent years. TRENDS AND ISSUES:   Facilitate for economic growth and regional integration through national and international trade. And make the cities with better work for citizens not only for environment and also it develops economy growth. Change economic opportunity and growth in rural areas. Make available admission to health and education facilities. FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: In this industry mainly we face difficulties with temporary structures and these are compounded by the detail structure that compared to most other industries, the construction industry is single in many ways, as follows It is a large but diverse and split industry Every job is exclusive with numerous and Complex tasks It is labour concentrated work involving many materials and heavy loads The work force is transient which is difficult to train, when mainly if there are more labours. typical temp structures Fig 1.1 Typical Temporary Structures (Krishnamurthy, 2010) IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Due to the following concerns, Safety is very important aspect in all types of industry Humanitarian concerns. Economic concerns. Professional, institutional, and social concerns. Legal and regulatory concerns. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MOVING TOWARDS CONSOLIDATION This industry is shifting towards a stage where large companies are well clear. LT,Lapee etc are the big companies undertaken the major engineering and construction projects like power plants, construction of dams etc. this leads for huge demand between so many limited companies (Scribd, 2008). The cost of real estate in the urban India is very important which will need companies to have more resources so as to require new lands and develop them. The big companies can live and will be few in numbers with well clear territories of procedure. The demand in metro cities is completely inelastic with certain well distinct competition will make huge boom for operating companies. The industry is affecting towards consolidation the increase urbanization which leads the local players also have a great chance to serve the huge demands of people. CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Change management is something relates to a process of controlling the changes that happens to the infrastructure or any kind of services, in a controlled way, facilitating changes with minimum distraction (Office of the City Auditor, 2010). Change is unavoidable and has become routine in life. Planning, applying and managing change in a dynamic environment is most common situation in which present organizations work. Change generally engrosses three features as represented diagrammatically below (JISC Infonet, 2009). Change management has become a complex problem for most public sector organizations which are going to be affected by the daily ongoing changes due to the new requirements almost every day. Change needs managers to take right strategic decisions without which may lead to consume more time, money and reliability of the involved stakeholders (Capacity Building Programme, 2007). The change management system should make out all the variations from the specifications and drawings of the contract and should also present a method for the technical support and project approval. The recommended change should be implemented in a proper manner as excessive change may result in more cost and difficulty (The Construction Users Roundtable, 2004). Kotter recommended an 8 step process where organizations can avoid failure and become expert at change (Kotter International, 2010). Performing by necessity Developing the Directing alliance Establishing a change vision Conversing the Vision Buy-in Allowing Broad based action Creating short term wins Not to give up Formulate Change stick CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review will commence by explaining how the construction industry in India has undergone changes in the recent past and how it managed change. According to Paton et al. (2008) The management of change is a complex, dynamic and challenging process rather than a set of recipes and is never a choice between technological, organizational or people-oriented solutions, but involves combinations for best fit; integrated strategies designed to produce results. This chapter will also highlights the concepts of change management, different approaches and technologies that aid change processes in any organisation. Change has to be managed in any organisation and managers play a major role in change management as the most observed barrier to successful organisation is the lack of change management. Hiatt and Creasey (2003) quoted the importance of managing change in a broader sense as: Things did not go exactly as planned and the unexpected happened, so managing the people side of change impacted their success and introduced risk into their projects. 2.1 TYPOLOGIES OF CHANGE: According to Luecke (2003), organisations generally face the challenges from new competitors, new technologies, and new markets for higher performance to come up with the obstacles and improve business performance. The changes fall into the following types. Structural Change: During this type of change, senior management tries to rearrange the functional parts to attain better performance. Cost Cutting: These mainly focus on the eradication of unimportant activities for compressing operations costs. Process Change: These focus on changing how things can be done in a different way to make the process effective, faster and more reliable. Cultural Change: These focus mainly on the relationship between employees and the senior management. 2.1.2 CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Baca (2005) viewed that, change is unavoidable and change may either seen as a good or a bad sign for any project. According to him, change management can be defined as the proactive identification and management of modifications to your project. Managing change engages managing four difficult tasks which of these have to be completed efficiently to accomplish successful output and the four tasks are welcoming change, organizing support, performing change and constructing change potential (Nilakant and Ramnarayan, 2006). Fig: Change Management Model (Adapted from Nilakant and Ramnarayan, 2006) 2.1.3 APPROACHES TO CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Relationship maintenance strategies are significant in terms of the strategies followed    in change management and relationship outcomes pertain to the result of the strategies. In organisation change management there are two types of approaches (Stroh, 2004). 1) Planned approach:         It is a  first approach which represents a variety of models descending from the practice of organisation. The main characteristics of this approach is that it places emphasis on process and deals with change over a significant period of time and follows holistic approach and it encourages  participations. 2) Emergent approach:    It is  second approach in the change management which recognises that highly dynamic environments demand more contingent methods that are more situational and where change strategies can be modified to achieve maximum fit with the ever changing environment. With this approach organisation can rely less on complete plans and  projections and build up instead an understanding of the complexities and the issues concerned. 2.2 ORGANISATIONAL STRATEGY AND ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE: While managing a strategic change, there is too much dependency on the individuals at higher level in the organisation and the change agent may be a middle manager or a consultant who works along with the managers within an organisation (Johnson et al, 2008). According to Stranks(2005), change management has to take place in an organisation with a need to eradicate the stress caused at work because of change by maintaining effective communication of what is happening and this change should be well organised on a stage basis. Organisational culture seems to be more important while managing change. A cultural outlook on organisations offers insight into change barriers and how to overcome these barriers (Balogun and Hailey, 2004). 2.3 LITERATURE ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Indo Italian chamber of commerce and industry (2008) clearly gave an overview of construction industry in India. It clearly explained that construction industry is an integral part of the economy and a conduit for a significant part of its growth investment and it is poised for growth on report of industrialization  economic development and rising people expectations for improved quality of living. This paper emphasizes on the financial criteria in Indian construction industry. This report told that construction is the second largest economic activity after the agriculture. This paper explains about what industry segments are and how many types of industrial  segment are there. It also gave a clear idea of how about in all round development of Indian economy. Finally this paper concluded that Indias booming infrastructure sector is fuelling demand for all types of construction equipment before booming the infrastructure development and construction equipments in real estate  se ctor done manually. Swarup (2007) mainly gave a brief description about the overview of practices being used in Indian construction industry and he also gave an idea about political, legal and social frame work and also explains the economic overview of administrative and regulatory features improvement and development of Indian construction industry. He also told about the globalization of construction services with outlook of WTO and GATS. And he also notified the opportunity and activity in the construction areas where he relied on the usage of PPP models, type and extend use of international standard forms of contracts and its administration and certifications process. Generally, in this paper, he clearly  explained about Indian economic surroundings and several systems and procedures and also focused on further boost in construction industry which would provide the basic infrastructure for the nation as well for different industries. Manjrekar et al (n.d.) explained that in India, there are large numbers of buildings which are more than 40 to 50 years and which need to be renewed.   They also explained about the old and new structures in constructions. They mainly focused on the constructions of old and new building and what are the rules applicable for that. They also told that construction  chemicals have been used in large number of construction projects. They told that new construction projects market is also usual to enlarge the demand for construction chemicals. Within next few years, the construction market is expected to grow more than 30 percent. In most large scale construction, there is variety of construction  chemicals that will be used for designing. This paper also focused on the key issues and challenges this fledging industry faces and it also told about the desk research and field research. They explained about the construction industry turnover and rate of growth in construction industry from year 2002 to 2007. They emphasized on the outlook and potential of the Indian construction industry and also gave a light on the expenditure in construction structure and about different types of policies. They mainly focused on 2 main players in the market. They are Pidilite industries and Choksey chemicals and the growth strategies of these players have been evaluated.   It mainly compares the  development strategies engaged by these Indian firms in the current scenario and environment of operation. It also focused on analysis of the theoretical propositions in Indian context. Siddique (n.d.) gave a detailed description about Indian cement industry and utilization of fly ash and construction waste in construction related activities. He also told that if there is development in materials, it will affect the design and construction of facilities. These facilities are very important for the significant growth of any  nation. He also discussed about the topics like issues facing the technology of concrete materials, maintenance of construction facilities, quality, assurance, production, design. Finally, in this paper, he concluded that developments take place in construction industry India as well as potential advances anticipated in the next 10 years for the  concrete construction industry through substantial use of supplementary cement materials. Love et al (2000) presented a study on Total Quality Management (TQM) which is a means to any learning organisation. They felt that for the improvement of performance in construction industry there requires a cultural and behavioural transfer in the attitudes of the expert, academic and specialized organizations. They provided a theoretical model for any learning construction organisation. They notified that several organisations are looking for alternative means of supporting and allowing a learning society inside their organisations which allows the employees to make decisions and implement required changes. If construction organisations want to become learning organisation, then they should need to implement a change in culture and behaviour. They proposed a few number of dimensions that are to be taken into consideration for describing learning organisation as: a relation with the changed results and behaviour, difference between organisational and individual learning, identifica tion of the environment, deutro learning and double loop learning. Sattineni (2008) presented the recent changes in telecommunications sector for off-shoring structural design work in developing countries like India and china. He also mentioned in the paper that economic outsource is a key reason for this possibility to be realized and it is reasonable to be considered regarding the effects of outstanding in the design sector and its effect on the construction industry. He mainly explained about United States construction industry. The author conducted detailed interviews with principals in US structural design and then he travelled to Bangalore for a detailed interview with Indian counter parts. These results lead to the development of outsourcing  construction activities. He also discussed about the topics such as training, economics   and logistics and this document also identified three outsourcing models for   constructions companies namely Joint Ventura outsourcing, individual project outsourcing and global delivery off sourcing. Aouad et al (n.d.) explained about process map in construction sector where they told that construction industry has witnessed severe efforts in the last few years through the consideration of the implementation of new procurement systems and manufacturing philosophies. On the other hand, process maps which can help organisations  map their processes into some important structure are still missing. The product (building) is still the majorly focused one in construction. In the developed industry, most large organisations have process maps which can help them in ensuring the delivery of  products on time, within budget and to the right quality while capturing the best process practices. They also told that in construction industry, there are some labours to plan process maps such as the RIBA plan of work in the UK. This paper delivered that the process map based on principles is used in the developed  industry. Information was elicited from experts through a series of workshops and case studies. The results of few of these case studies, which have been used to assess the realism of implementing this process map on real life projects, are presented. Finally, they told that IT which needs to maintain and enable the effective implementation of the process map is clearly  explained and also demonstrated the process and manufacturing of construction process. Finally they focused on more holistic picture of design and construction procedure that can be known through the organisation of process and it capabilities. They also spoke about the usage of case studies for testing the practical implementation and also also  told about the problems occur during the implementation phase. Bandhyopadhyay et al (2008) focused on the stems partly from GOIs distress concerning the capacity of the road construction industry to deliver, and partly from the Banks growing need to recognize the impact of the expanded road investments on the industrys capacity in South Asia. The study attempts to  outline the entire gamut of problems and capacity constraints faced by Indias construction industry. It comes out with previous studies information and industry-wide stakeholder surveys and workshops and speaks about government initiatives and road development program. This paper suggested and felt that there is a huge gap between supply and demand for  improved roads. The domestic construction industry is not geared up to expectations demand. There is a need to bring new players into the field, both domestic and foreigner and they also suggested that  present contract procedures and requirements need major modifications as they do not encourage incorporation of scientific, labour and major innovations .They also provided key issues and strategies of the road construction industry in the past and future. HIS global insight (2009) gave an information and detailed description about the recent progress and future trends in the key sector of infrastructure which leads to prevent various opportunities for private sector. It also told about some of the key facts about countrys overall economic environment as well as legal and tax  systems. This paper gave some important information about Indian construction industry.   It clearly explained about how many other countries were spending on Indian construction and how much amount there are spending for non residential and residential construction in India.    This paper also told that Indian companies have very limited contact with large  markets such as Japan, United States and West Europe countries. This paper told one fact that Indian construction industry is highly uneven and this happened as there are no long term relations between contractors and clients in most of the projects. 2.4 LITERATURE ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Woodward (1997) provided the importance of project management and also the main features of this approach. They delivered some methods that are applicable to change management in any industry. They concerned mainly on the applications in construction industry and they also highlighted the techniques that are appropriate to practically all other businesses where a change has to be executed and managed. They covered all the issues by including distinctive examples that would consist of: the instigation of a new product, penetrating into new market, installing a new production line, putting into practice a new business policy, starting a new branch office, setting up a modified accounting system, systematizing a sports or charitable trust occasion, recruiting and instructing staff for a new enterprise, the creation of a new product and the testing of it, a company surrender or reorganizing and setting up and initiating new legislation. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2005) provided a report on the Local Government Pay and Workforce Strategy which mainly focused on the transforming of the authority to produce real and longing change. In order to adopt this change, Englands Local government should have imaginative leadership, organisational elasticity and resources facility to offer better services, higher efficiency and best customer focus. Organisations try to change the approach from organisational development to the change management, applying a strategy that effectively deal with development of skills and leadership, applying reviews of local pay having the same opinion of a salary form that bear improvement of service. Beer et al (1990) focused on the efficient corporate regeneration that initiates at the bottom through casual efforts to resolve business problems. They observed a situation where the change has to be incorporated to meet the challenges to which the banks conventional hierarchical organisati ons were ill-outfitted to act in response. There has to be extra care taken about who should direct the change attempt, what required changing, and how to go about implementing the change. Most of the companies are facing challenges with the changing marketplace and raised competition to develop their authority, recover market share and guarantee their endurance. Changes in approaches direct the changes in the individual attitude which results in the organisational changes. The most common problem with the most change programs is that they tackle only one or two of these three factors: coordination, commitment and competencies. They provided six steps to the efficient change: Organize assurance to change through joint verdict of business issues, establish a distributed vision of how to systematize and manage for competition, promote agreement for the new vision, ability to perform it, and consistency to move it alongside, broaden regeneration to all the departments, establishment of revitalization through formal structures, policies and systems and observe and regulate strategies responding to the problems in the regeneration process. They gave priority to the top managers in making the change in the entire organisation by generating a market to change, utilizing successfully regenerated units as the organisational replicas for the entire organisation and establishing career paths that support the development of leadership. They laid emphasis on the particularity of the mind set for change management which is difficult to be maintained in an atmosphere that pushes down for periodical earnings. 2.5 LITERATURE ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Walker (2007) relied on a fact that management of construction projects seems to be a continuing challenge as the environment around which the projects are built increases in complication. He focuses mainly on the project management theory. Most of the construction projects are planned and designed in agreement with the previously developed process. But the project team must also consider the fact that changes might be incorporated in the middle of the project according to clients requirements and the change has to be managed. There should be a minimum knowledge in understanding the environment of client as flexibility needs to be maintained when there is a need to incorporate changes in the project. He clearly mentioned that this can be achieved only through the maintenance of up to date information about the clients requirements. Advancement in technology for any particular process can be taken as an example for this. He also stated that project team members should be aware of the changes that can be made and should be ready to explain them to the client consequently. Oracle (2009) mainly highlighted the best practices of identifying and managing the changes that may occur in any construction project and also provided a process to effectively manage changes in construction projects. It clearly  explained about the different types of project changes in construction sector such as directed changes, constructive changes, cardinal changes. It also explained in detail about the change management process and also explained that they are few steps to be followed in construction sector such as recognizing the contract requirements, identifying the  possible change and creating a potential change order file and determining privilege, measuring the effect of the change, and analysing the cost of the change, negotiating and executing the change order, maintaining complete records of the executed change. Like this, it gave an explanation for each and every step. It also explained different  methods for resolving change related construction disputes to avoid costly arbitration and mainly focused on the dispute resolution boards (DRBs) which are nonaligned authority consisting of three members as one preferred method. Choosing the board members can be performed in a number of ways; however, it is critical that the individuals are neutral and both the owner and the contractor  view each board member as individual balanced. Naturally, DRBs are empanelled at the project level and management of the DRB process is governed by the projects contract. Other dispute resolution procedures could escalate the dispute from the project level to a higher governmental level between the owners organization and the contractors organization,  before proceeding to an arbitration panel.   The terms used and contract documents referenced in this paper are geared towards usual design-bid-build public development projects, even though the basic principles are applicable to almost any construction project. It must be well-known that any change management procedure is only as effective as the participants ability to  communicate and

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Interpersonal Conflict Essay -- essays research papers fc

Interpersonal Project   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My friends and I play poker on a regular basis. One of my friends, let’s call him Tim, constantly plays bad hands and often catches lucky breaks. Tim and I have been friends since middle school, but one night we got into a very big argument which almost became physical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In one particular hand, Tim made what was in my opinion a horribly bad call. Ask most poker players and they will tell you that they would have folded in this situation. Nonetheless, he got incredibly lucky and ended up knocking me out of the tournament. Having lost my money, I was extremely upset and I very angrily asked him why he called my raises. He gave a weak shrug, a half-smirk, and said something along the lines of â€Å"I thought I had you beat.† To me this came off as very sarcastic, and I took it offensively and started shouting at him. We exchanged verbal blows and the argument was fast becoming physical before our friends restrained us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this conflict, there was a great deal of missteps in communication, or â€Å"the process of creating and sharing meaning through the use of symbols† (Dobkin and Pace, 7), by both Tim and I, and the whole ordeal could have easily been avoided if either of us had used slightly better judgment. To begin with, I was the initiator, or â€Å"one who begins or advances the communication process by generating a message† (12), of communication and had I not said anything in the first place, this conflict would be nonexistent. Had I simply walked away and â€Å"cooled off† before speaking to Tim, I would have not been so offensive and the conversation would not have escalated to such dramatic extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also made a few errors as an interpreter, or â€Å"one who perceives and attempts to understand a message† (12). I may have misinterpreted Tim’s nonverbal communication, or â€Å"messages expressed through symbols other than words† (14). I registered his smirk and the inflection in his voice as symbols, or â€Å"words, images, gestures, and expressions that we use to represent our thoughts† (9), of sarcasm and arrogance. This infuriated me, but I may have exaggerated his actions. The smirk may have just been a suppressed smile because he was happy to have gotten so lucky, and it is possible that I just imagined that sarcasm in his voice. Had I... ..., I wouldn’t have been so offensive in my reaction. Also, once I starting verbally assaulting Tim, he was very quick to do the same to me, which isn’t the best way to avoid a fight. Even though I was mostly at fault for this dispute, Tim could have done a few things differently to avoid this quarrel as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major conflicts can arise from any situation, even over a simple hand of poker. Tim and I didn’t make the best decisions in our communication process, and we ended up at each other’s throats. Be that as it may, we eventually apologized to each other, and are still good friends. We still play poker together, although now we are a little more courteous if we win or lose a hand to each other. Even so, we should have used better judgment in this situation. There were a great deal of things each of us could have done in order to avoid this outburst of aggression, and yet we let our anger spill out and we ended up with the worst-case scenario. Works Cited Dobkins, Bethami A., and Roger C. Pace. Communication in a Changing World. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: McGraw Hill, 2003.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Human Cloning Should be Condemned Essay examples -- Argumentative Pers

Human Cloning Should be Condemned    On November 25, 2001, the news that a firm called Advanced Cell Technology had created human embryos by cloning added new urgency to Congress's and the nation's deliberations on this issue.    This past summer, by a 265-to-162 margin, the House of Representatives passed a carefully worded ban on human cloning (H.R. 2505) which President Bush has said he will sign into law. The leadership of the Senate nonetheless has refused to take action on this measure, or even to consider a temporary moratorium on human cloning research. Further delay will only encourage some researchers to take further irresponsible steps toward the laboratory manufacture and destruction of human life. Such inaction is morally irresponsible and could result in irreversible harm to our society.    Creating human life in the laboratory by cloning should be condemned because it reduces human beings to mere produc... ...f these embryos be allowed to survive. By passing such misguided and ineffective legislation, Congress for the first time would not only allow the destruction of an entire class of human beings but require such destruction.    Progress in stem cell research and other medical advances does not depend on the pursuit of human cloning. Rather, a regression in society's respect for human life and human dignity will occur unless human cloning is prohibited by law.   

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Interrelation of Physical and Social Characteristics in Society :: Anthropology

Interrelation of Physical and Social Characteristics in Society Cultures on this planet are infinitely diverse and quite different from each other as well. Many of the customs and rituals that are practiced in the United States are diverse in nature as well, but are similar in more ways to each other than to cultures in other regions of the world. It seems that a great deal of a culture’s core stems from their surrounding environment, and the pressures that this puts on those trying to live there. A culture’s physical and social characteristics are interrelated, and play an important role in the development of a society and the personalities of the people. Marriage, jobs, and politics are all areas of a culture that are influenced by a person’s environment. In the U.S., monogamy is the â€Å"normal† structure of marriage, and is a logic choice considering the type of environment we live in. Independence training is emphasized to prepare people for obtaining the highest standard of living in the U.S. Being better than another is important in this society, and is stressed to most people from a very early age. Living away from one’s parents is not only expected but also often desired by both the child and the parents. Mobility is a huge factor in the work force, and the less one is â€Å"tied down† to, the easier it is to make the necessary transitions. In other societies, forms of marriage other than monogamy make more sense, and make life easier. For example, the !Kung San live together in small groups, in which everyone takes care of all the children, and much of life is not privately shielded from the group. Their openness and sharing of childcare and lifestyles is also portrayed in their food gathering activities. The villagers gather food and then distribute it to not only their own â€Å"nuclear† family, but to others as well. It would be too hard to survive on your own in this environment, so the group structure works well. Inheritance of lands and goods also plays an important role in the structuring of societies and families in other cultures outside of the U.S. Cultures such as the Inuit, Tibetans, and Marquesan Islanders of Polynesia, practice polyandry, the marriage of more than one man to a single woman. This is common for brothers who do not wish to divide up their father’s lands, so they will marry the same woman and both retain the entire estate.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Are Concerns over Immigration to Do with Culture of Economic Reasons Essay

Almost all economists are in agreement that immigration has positive economic effects. Indeed in the United States it â€Å"provides natives with a net benefit of at least $80,000 per immigrant, or as much as $10 billion annually† (Bolin, 2006). However despite this there are huge numbers of advocacy groups pushing the pros and cons immigration to the populations of the host countries, with natives having negative views towards immigration (McLaren & Johnson, 2007). Through the course of this essay I will examine whether the root cause of these often xenophobic views towards immigration have root causes in economic reasons (immigrants taking jobs from natives, and leading to lower wages) or symbolic reasons, where the natives are fearful that the immigrants will bring their culture to the host country and cause change. Enoch Powell, the Conservative British politician, gave a warning that immigrants were causing such strife that â€Å"like the Roman, I seem to see the River Tiber foaming with much blood† (Powell, 1969). This turned out to be nonsense, and his advice that immigrants should be encouraged to leave, would have left Britain, and many other countries that rely on cheap foreign labour in a horrific state of affairs. Immigrants are now taking far longer to integrate into their host country and this is upsetting many natives. â€Å"In the past a third-generation migrant, for example in America, would have been expected to have shed much of his grandparents’ identity† (The Economist, 2008), not speaking his mother tongue and having little loyalty to the country his family originated from. This is changing â€Å"as migrants feel loyalty to more than one country† (The Economist, 2008). For example, Moroccans in Europe, even fourth generation, are encouraged by the Government to identify with the African country, and are granted Moroccan citizenship under the constitution. As many source countries such as India and China grow intent on gaining remittances from their emigres, â€Å"migrants even several generations on may come under great pressure to retain some of their old identity† (The Economist, 2008). This can all lead to immigrants never becoming fully integrated into the host country, causing social problems such as immigrants bunching together in the same place. Due to globalisation and time-space compression, it has become far easier for migrants to emigrate further away from their own country, this causes problems as they subsequently have little in common with their host country and find it harder to integrate into the community. Traveling long distances to emigrate is no longer a problem and in the future there will be the problem of â€Å"people moving greater distances and settling among different ethnic, religious and cultural groups† (The Economist, 2008), meaning they will have problems integrating. â€Å"Danes in Sweden or Albanians in Greece have little trouble integrating into the relatively familiar societies next door. Even Poles in Ireland prosper, perhaps thanks to the incomers’ good standard of education and skill and the shared Catholic faith. But Iraqis in Sweden, Somalis in Canada or Pakistanis in Norway typically find integration harder† (The Economist, 2008). Samuel Huntington blames this on the â€Å"great divisions among humankind† (Huntington, 1993) that are the differences between civilisations. He believes that immigration will ‘intensify civilization consciousness and awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations’ (Huntington, 1993). This leads to a ‘them versus us’ attitude, with the natives having the xenophobic view that the immigrants are qualitatively different from themselves. As the natives of the host country would have spent time constructing â€Å"discursive practices that attempt to fix meanings which enable the differentiation between the inside and the outside to be made† (Doty, 1996), they will resent immigrants not properly integrating themselves into the community. Research on social identity appears to conclude that identity is highly important to individuals, with individuals protecting these identities even if they have no realistic meaning (Monroe, et al. , 2000). People use these identities to provide a sense of self (Sniderman, et al. 2004), partly in order that they may distinguish between those similar to themselves and those different. The ‘identities tend to have their basis in perceptions of differences’ (McLaren & Johnson, 2007)with those viewed as outsiders thought to have radically different values and approaches to life. â€Å"The threat posed by minorities and immigrants may be symbolic in nature and may stem from concerns about the loss of certain values or ways of life† (McLaren & Johnson, 2007), due to immigrants having a significant presence in the host country. Immigrants also often congregate in areas of the host country, London for example has a huge immigrant and minority presence with only 44. 9% classing themselves as ‘White British’ (Gye, 2012), in the 2011 census. This all means that natives are fearful that immigrants will cause them to adapt or change their ways of life. Migrants who preserve â€Å"a strong religious sense that cuts across any national loyalty may be the hardest of all to assimilate into broadly secular Western societies†. In the post-9/11 world Muslims are often seen as being the greatest cultural threat to Western societies. In a recent survey McLaren and Johnson measured anti-Muslim feeling in the United Kingdom. They found that 62% of people agreed with the statement that British Muslims are more loyal to Muslims around the world, than to other Britons, only 12% disagreed. Only 30% of Britons felt that Muslims living in Britain were committed to Britain, with 47% feeling that they could never be committed to Britain. 52% of people thought that Britain would begin to lose its identity if more Muslims came to live there. Clearly there is considerable anti-Muslim feeling in Britain and concern that British-Muslims pose a threat to the identity and culture of Britain (McLaren & Johnson, 2007). Most economists are in agreement that immigration has very little effect on native’s wages; this should mean that natives won’t oppose immigration based on the misbelief that immigrants lower wages. Although conventional economic wisdom states that an increase in supply of labour will lead to a decrease in price, this doesn’t happen. Friedberg and Hunt conclude that a 10% increase in immigrant levels in the population, decreases wages by 1% (Friedberg & Hunt, 1995). Economist Francisco Revera-Batiz came to the same conclusion, noting that although immigration has increased the supply of low skilled workers into the United States, there has been very little impact on the wages of high school dropouts, the lowest skilled people in America (Rivera-Batiz, 1998). One of the most influential studies is Card’s 1990 study on the Miami Labour market after the sudden influx of 125,000 Cuban immigrants in 1980 due to a sharp downturn in the Cuban economy. Surprisingly the arrival of so many immigrants didn’t affect native wages, although it did lower the overall wage level in Miami; due to the immigrants being employed in low-wage jobs (Card, 1990). This tallies with the outcomes of other natural experiments in recent history such as the homecoming of 600,000 Portuguese after the collapse of their empire in Africa in 1974-76, the return of 900,000 Frenchmen from Algeria in 1962 (The Economist, 2008) or the influx of 610,000 Russian Jews into Israel 1990-94, increasing the labour force by 12%; all had negligible effects on native wages. Immigrants don’t decrease wages because as well as increasing the supply of labour, they become a domestic consumer for goods as well as services, they â€Å"create jobs as consumers and fill jobs as producers† (Bolin, 2006). A higher total population, ceteris parabus, will lead to the production of more goods and services, boosting the host countries gross domestic product (GDP). In some rare cases immigrants can even boost native’s wages. Illegal Mexican immigrants, who are â€Å"predominantly low skilled† (Bolin, 2006), have a positive effect on other workers’ wages (Bean, et al. 1998). This is due to immigration increasing the productivity of native workers by â€Å"taking low-skilled jobs, freeing higher-skilled workers to work in higher-skilled employment where they can be more productive† (Bolin, 2006). Based on the results of a range of economists, using results based on a â€Å"range of methodologies† (Bolin, 2006), it can be seen that immigrants have a small negative impact on native wages, although mainly low-skilled workers. Based on this, natives shouldn’t be concerned over immigration levels based on their own wages falling. The popular theory that immigrants ‘come over here and take our jobs’, has been shown to hold very little truth, as most studies â€Å"find no or negligible effect[s]† (Bolin, 2006) on employment rates. The ‘lump of labour fallacy’ is the mistaken idea that there are a set number of jobs in the economy, and when an immigrant takes one of those jobs, it is a job lost for a native. This is incorrect for three reasons. Firstly, by coming to a country â€Å"immigrants increase the supply of labour and hence reduce wages. In turn, cheaper labour increases the potential return to employers to build new factories or expand their operations. In so doing, they create extra demand for workers† (Grinda, 2006), and more jobs are created. Secondly, immigrants are consumers as well as producers. When there is a large influx of immigrants such as the 610,000 Russian-Jews into Israel in the early 1990’s, they are in need of goods and services. People are employed to provide these goods and services, meaning more jobs added to the economy, and immigrants simply enlarge the economy. Thirdly, immigrants are 10 to 20 percent more likely to become entrepreneurs and start their own business than natives (Briggs & Moore, 1994). In 1999, The Wall Street Journal reported that â€Å"Chinese and Indian immigrants run nearly 25% of the high-companies started in [Silicon] Valley since 1980†¦The 2,775 immigrant-run companies had total sales of $16. 8 billion and more than 58,000 employees† (Thurm, 1999). â€Å"Immigrants not only take jobs, they make jobs. They open new businesses that employ natives as well as other immigrants and themselves. And they do so in important numbers† (Simon, 1999). Similarly, the findings by Friedberg and Hunt discovers â€Å"no evidence of economically significant reductions in native employment†. Card, as well as examining the impact of the Muriel boatlift on wages also examined the impact of it on employment. Even though Miami’s workforce was increased by 7%, virtually overnight, with an influx of relatively unskilled Cuban workers he finds â€Å"no evidence of an increase in unemployment among less skilled blacks or other non-Cuban workers. Rather the data analysis suggests a remarkably rapid absorption of the Muriel immigrants into the Miami labour force† (Card, 1990). Again with immigrant’s impact on wages, the evidence seems to suggest that a lack of evidence that immigration causes native unemployment. This should mean that concerns over immigration should not be linked to worries over employment. Due to immigrants being â€Å"disproportionately low-skill[ed]† (Bolin, 2006) they tend to have lower wages than natives. It is often assumed therefore that they depend more upon the welfare system than natives. The level of benefits are often higher in the host country than the source country, and it is often suggested that it is this difference that brings in migrants. Borjas coined the term â€Å"welfare magnet effect† (Borjas, 1999), making the point that immigrants are drawn to the country with the highest benefits. This however has all been shown to be completely false, and many economists believe that over the long term immigrants more than pay for the public services they use (Simon, 1999). In the United States â€Å"most immigrants, including Mexicans, are usually less likely than comparable natives to receive welfare†, with the per capita cost of social welfare for immigrants being 8% less than the per capita cost for natives (Bean, et al. 1998). It is plain to see that objections to immigration come from those who are worried about the identity and culture of their nation being eroded, rather than for economic reasons. Immigrants are solving many problems for the host countries, such as the problems of aging populations and those participating in the workforce being increasing choosy about the jobs they do. Immigrants have few economic disadvantages, although high immigration may bring about a small decrease in jobs for the natives, the tax revenue that they bring in more than displaces this negative effect. As the immigrants have little impact on jobs, and simply create more jobs in the economy, disproving the lump of labour fallacy, they don’t have a negative impact on wages which is a positive for the economy as a whole. The argument that immigrants have a negative impact on the identity and culture of a nation holds some truth. Due to the fact that a nation’s identity is made up of what its inhabitants believe it to be, immigrants having different views, can water this identity down.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Controversy on the Mixing of African and Cuban Culture Essay

The personal narratives, â€Å"Afrocubanismo and Son† by Robin Moore, â€Å"Dance and Social Change, â€Å"Rumba† by Yvonne Daniel, and â€Å"Buena Vista Social Club† by Dir. Wim Wenders offer an extensive look at the Afro-Cuban music and dance. Moore writes his article based on the Son. Son is a mixture of African and Spanish influence. Daniel in both of her articles talks about rumba, which is a dance and music genre that originated in Cuba in the mid 1800s. She talks about the different kinds of rumba, which are the Yambu, the Guaguaco, and the vacunao. Wenders is providing us with an image of how Cuban musicians play their music, providing us with some the most popular songs from Cuba. Thousands of African slaves were brought to Cuba, and although treated like animals, their music has had a major influence on Cuban that any other type of music from other countries, creating a bond between both cultures. I found all three articles very informative. Moore, Daniel, and Wenders exposed a number of new information into my mind, and maybe into any other individual that didn’t had much knowledge about Cuban music and dance. As an example, I hadn’t thought about the fact that after much discrimination against Africans, they were going to end up mixing their music and dance with African music and dance. I really like the fact that Cubans ended up accepting part of Africans Culture. Although, we see that the government in many occasion prohibited the people to play the Son and many other influences from African Culture, it was not enough from them to stop the people from mixing both cultures. We also see in â€Å"Buena Vista Social Club† a man who brings together a group of mostly aging and forgotten artists. I don’t like the fact that political events and social issues have played a role in the segregation of these artists. I don’t believe that those people should have been discriminated in such way just because they were mixing both cultures. As the slaves were able to buy their freedom an increased interaction and ethnic mixing among Cubans and Africans was the result. As I was reading that both cultures began to combine, it came to my mind that African people really have a nice heart because by uniting with Cubans they are demonstrating that they had forgiven all the suffering they went through. An example of they unity is the son, and the different kinds of rumba mentioned by Daniel and Moore. We see that the people that were coming together were mostly from working class Cubans and Africans. I find it shameful that most rich people weren’t accepting African culture, and to make it worse ended up making people like those musicians that we see in Buena Vista to be forgotten. In reading Daniel’s articles, I was able to see how people enjoy dancing rumba and many other kinds of dances. And how people especially among the working class uses dancing and music as a way to blow off steam and have fun. Now, I can see why African were always dancing and singing, because that way they could forget about the pain and suffering that they were going through. I didn’t like the fact that the government was calling most of the dancing and music from Africa â€Å"immortal†. I don’t believe that it was appropriated to call their dancing that way. In conclusion, although there was a lot of controversy on the mixing of both cultures, it wasn’t enough to stop the people from mixing it. It was like a destiny meant by God to mix those cultures, to create not just Afro-Cuban culture, but Cuban Culture.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Causes of the English Civil War Essay

Charles I came to the throne in 1625 after the death of his father, James I. His reign maintained some similarities with his father’s reign. For instance, both Charles and James had very little money and both of them believed firmly in the Divine Origin of Kingship1. During his reign, many events took place which led to the English Civil War in 1642 and which ended up with the public execution of Charles I. This essay will discuss and deal with the different factors that gave rise to the English Civil War. As was said above, one of the main problems of Charles’ reign was the lack of money and, undoubtedly, this was a good reason for a civil war. Everything started when the Parliament asked Charles to go to war with the Catholics in Spain. Charles did not have the needed money to face this war and so he asked for taxes, the taxes were not enough and the war was impossible. This outraged the MPs but they knew that Charles would then call them back for help. Parliament did not like Charles because they thought he spent money only on his favourites so the King himself would have to find a way to make money. Charles tried several things such as enforcing taxes known as â€Å"ship money†2, selling monopolies and titles; he also created a â€Å"Court of Star Chamber† which was composed by 1 The divine origin of kingship: According to this doctrine, since only God can judge an unjust king, the king can do no wrong. (Definition provided by http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Divine_Right_of_Kings.html) 2 Nonparliamentary tax first levied in medieval times by the English crown on coastal cities and counties for naval defense in time of war. (Definition provided by http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540944/ship-money) officials of the crown and which main purpose was to fine people heavily so as to raise money. As there was not a jury, this â€Å"court† would obviously fulfill his expectations. Parliament was really angry for the illegal situation, so Charles decided to dissolve it. The reign continued for eleven years without a Parliament. He called a Parliament again just because he needed money. The Covenanters expressed their desire to invade England and Charles did not have the sufficient money to fight them. The Parliament refused to give him money from the taxes and Charles dissolved it again. Eventually, as he was forced to pay a determined sum of money to the Scots, he called a Parliament again. He was destroyed economically. Undoubtedly, Charles’ poor economic manage and his bad decisions were closely related to the outbreak of the civil war. Another crucial cause was religion. These quarrels began when Charles married to Henrietta Maria who was a French Catholic. Having a Catholic as a Queen was not accepted at all by English people, especially by the Puritans. Things went worse when the King made William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. The Archbishop modified many things in the Church. For instance, beatifying the Church and bringing back robes for priests, statues and stained-glass windows. Laud also attempted to impose the English Prayer Book3 in Scotland. As Scotland was a Puritan (Presbytarian) country, they rioted against this â€Å"Too Catholic† Prayer Book and a group of Scots, the Covenanter’s, decided to invade England as it was mentioned in the previous paragraph. After putting Laud on trial, the Parliament found him guilty. 3 A book which stated how services should be run (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937) Another major cause which led to the civil war was Charles’ personality. It may seem not a fundamental cause comparing it with the above mentioned ones. Nonetheless, his way of thinking, his bad decisions, his conflicts with the MPs, his wife’s influence and his contradictory and inconsistent reign also contributed to the outbreak of the civil war. During Charles’ reign, a distinction between a Short Parliament and a Long Parliament can be made. The Short Parliament was called in 1640 by the King because the Scots rebelled and due to his bad financial situation, he needed to levy a tax to deal with them (only with the Parliament’s consent could he do it). This parliament was summoned after eleven years of dissolution. Even though such dissolution was not constitutional, it was one of the King’s prerogatives. The MPs met the gentry and expressed their feeling of indignation to them. Harbottle Grimston and John Pym led a catalogue of complaints. On May 5th in the same year, Charles dissolved the Parliament again blaming â€Å"the malicious cunning of some few seditious affected men†. Finally, Charles came to an agreement with the Scots of paying them  £850 a day. On the other hand, the Long Parliament was summoned from November 3rd 1640 for thirteen years. Charles needed funds for the daily payment and for a final settlement with the Scots. In this Parliament, 493MPs were elected; most of them were from the County Faction4. Parliament sent both Strafford and Laud to the Tower accusing them of bad influence on the King. Charles tried to calm things down signing Strafford’s death warrant, passing a bill that allowed for Parliament not to be dissolved without its own consent, a bill making ‘ship money’ illegal and other bills that taken together demolished the framework of prerogative government. 4 MPs who tried to represent the views of the landowners. (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937) The Irish rebelled in 1641 because of their King’s death. Definitely, the execution of Strafford had not been a good choice. John Pym issued the Militia Bill and the Grand Remonstrance5 . Subsequently, Charles decided to arrest him and his ringleaders, he tried to arrest five MPs but as they had been previously warned, Charles could not find them. As this was considered a breach of Parliamentary privileges by MPs, it just made things worse between them. And it was on 22nd August when the civil war started. To conclude, it cannot be stated that the most important cause of the English Civil War was unfair taxation because, as was described, there were many factors which created a tense relationship between Parliament and the King. Unfair taxation was a really important cause. However, it was not the only possible factor. Religious, financial and management issues played an important role as well. People who surrounded the King also took an essential part in this big conflict. It also has to be recognized that when Charles came to the throne, things were not in good conditions. Neither his father nor Charles could manage their reigns properly. A civil war could not have been avoided unless Charles would have changed his mind and way of thinking but as he was born with a belief in the Divine Origin of Kingship and did not have much knowledge about kingships, it would have been very difficult to achieve. 5 It listed all the things Charles had done wrong in his reign, suggested less power for bishops, and said that Parliament should have power over the Church and the appointment of Royal ministers. (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937)   

Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Expanding Indian Agriculture to Different Nations

MAHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED 1  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied T ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited 2. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Business Overview 2. 1. 2. 2. Major Investments in the Company Evolution 2. 3. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Organisational Structure 2. 4. 3. Corporate Timeline Business Model of Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Product Portfolio . 1. 3. 2. Field Crop Seeds 3. 3. Oil Seeds 3. 4. 4. Hybrid Cotton Vegetable Crop Seeds Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Financial and Valuation Analysis 4. 1. Valuation Analysis and Financial Summery 5. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Analyst Recommendations 6. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited SWOT Analysis 7. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Key Professionals 7. 1. 8. Management Profile Macro Analysis of Seed Industry 8. 1. In dian Hybrid Seed Industry Market Size, FY’2008-FY’2012 8. 2.Indian Hybrid Seed Industry Segmentations, FY’2012 8. 2. 1. 8. 3. By Type of Crops Market Share of Major Players in the Indian Hybrid Seed Industry, FY’2012 8. 3. 1. By Hybrid Cotton 8. 3. 2. By Hybrid Field Crop Seed 8. 3. 3. By Hybrid Vegetable Crop Seed 2  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied 9. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Competitive Analysis 9. 1. By Products Offered/ Revenue/ Business Strategy 10. Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Management Outlook and Future Projections 10. 1. 11.Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Future Projection Appendix 11. 1. Market Definitions 11. 2. Abbreviations 11. 3. Research Methodology 11. 4. Disclaimer 3  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied L IST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Corporate Timeline 1964-2013 Figure 2: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Organizational Structure Figure 3: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Business Model Figure 4: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Product Portfolio Figure : Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Financial Performance on the basis of Revenues and EBIT in INR Crore, FY’2008-FY’2012 Figure 6: India Hybrid Seed Industry Market Size and Contribution in the Overall Indian Seed Market on the Basis of Revenue in INR Crore and percentage, FY’2008-FY’2012 Figure 7: India Hybrid Seed Industry Segmentation on the Basis of Contribution in the Overall Hybrid Seed Industry in Percentage, FY’2012 Figure 8: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Hybrid Seed Market on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012Figure 9: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Hybrid Cotton Seed Segment on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012 Figure 10: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Hybrid Corn Seed Segment on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012 Figure 11: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Pearl Millet Seed Segment on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012 Figure 12: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Paddy Seed Segment on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012Figure 13: Market Share of Major Players in Indian Vegetable Seed Segment on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012 Figure 14: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Future Projections on the Basis of Revenues and EBIT in INR Crore and Percentage, FY’2013-FY’2017 Figure 15: Non-linear Regression Analysis and Scatter Chart Based upon Indian Hybrid Seed Industry Market size, FY’2008-FY’2012 4  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied L IST OF TABLESTable 1: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Financial Summary on the B asis of Revenue, Growth and EBIT Margin in INR Crore and Percentage, FY’2008-FY’2012 Table 2: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Major Investments in Company Evaluation on the Basis Deal Type, Stake, Deal Value and Implied Enterprise Value in INR Crore Table 3: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Products Offered in Hybrid Cotton Seeds on the Basis of Different Zones in India Table 4: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Products Offered on the basis of Different Field Crop SeedsTable 5: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Products Offered on the Basis of Different Oil Seeds Table 6: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Products Offered on the Basis of Vegetable Crop Seeds Table 7: Company Comparables on the Basis of Revenue in INR Crore, FY’2008-LTM year ending 31st December 2012 Table 8: Company Comparable Analysis on the Basis of Market Capitalization, Net Debt and Enterprise Value and Valuation Multiples in INR Crore and Multiples, LT M 31 st December 2012 Table 9: Relative Valuation Analysis on the Basis of Deal Value, Deal Stake and Multiples in INR Crore, Percentage and MultiplesTable 10: Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Board of Directors Table 11: Company Comparables on the basis of Services Offered, Revenue and Business Strategies Table 12: Regression Coefficients of the Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Table 13: Regression Intercepts of the Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited 5  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied E XECUTIVE SUMMARY: MAHARASHTRA HYBRID S EEDS COMPANY LIMITEDMaharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited also known as Mahyco, is a privately owned company and is headquartered in Jalna, Maharashtra. Mahyco is among the largest hybrid seed producers in India. The company is involved in the research and development, production, marketing and distribution of various hybrid seeds such as cotton seeds, field crops, vegetable crops and oil seeds. T he company has a prime focus in the generation and distribution of hybrid cotton seeds in the Indian hybrid seed market.Key Differentiators ? ? ? ? More than 1,000,000 cultivators are involved in seed production Competition and Positioning ? ? ? ? Leading position in the Indian hybrid cotton market Key Developments ? World’s foremost company to commercialize F1 hybrid cotton based on GMS/CMS system ? ? ? ? Financial Summary Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Financial Summary on the Basis of Revenue, Growth and EBIT Margin in INR Crore and Percentage, FY’2008-FY’2012 Particulars FY’2008E FY’2009 FY’2010 FY’2011FY’2012 Revenue Growth% EBIT Profit% 6  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied C ORPORATE TIMELINE On 11th November 1964, the company started its operation with the prime focus towards genetic research of plant and production of different varieties of seeds. In 1966, the company star ted its first research and development center in India with an objective of develop new products and increase its penetration in the Indian seed market. In 2013, Performance Plant Inc. nd Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited have entered into a license agreement†¦ Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Corporate Timeline 1964-2013 M AHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED O RGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The company has 9 processing centers across the nation situated at Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh with annual seed processing capacity of over ~ quintal in these 9 centers†¦ 7  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copiedMaharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Organizational Structure B USINESS MODEL OF MAHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY L IMITED Business cycle of the company starts with the procurement of input supplies for research and development departments. Input su pplies are the principal driver for the production of new and improved hybrid seed products†¦ After harvesting of seeds, the company transfers these seeds to processing centers for further processing and quality testing†¦ 8  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copiedOnce the products are finished and packed the company distributes these products to different distributors across the nation†¦ Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Business Model M AHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED P RODUCT PORTFOLIO The company has a product portfolio of more than ~ hybrid products in ~ different crop species offering hybrid cotton, field crops, oilseeds and vegetables crops. The company offered ~ types of hybrid cotton, ~ types of field crops, ~ types of oil seeds and different types of vegetable seeds verities.  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied The company is continuously focusing on the research and developme nts of new products such as genetically modified (GM) rice, wheat, cauliflower, pigeon pea and okra†¦ Under the guidance of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India the company has been involved in different projects for the development of new products and new technologies and also the company has entered into various partnerships with other institutions†¦Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Product Portfolio 10  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied M AHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED F INANCIAL AND VALUATION ANALYSIS V ALUATION ANALYSIS AND FINANCIAL SUMMERY Revenue of the company has shown a CAGR growth of ~ % from FY’2008-FY’2012. The company has witnessed this growth due to constant development of new products and by improvements in its current product portfolio. Mahyco has pent INR ~ core in FY’2011 on research and development as compare to INR ~ crore in FY’2010 which showcase the compan y’s interest to enhance the quality of its products†¦ In FY’2011 and FY’2012 the company has shown a marginal growth of ~% and ~% respectively in revenues mainly due to increased competition in the hybrid cotton market†¦ As on 31st December 2012, Mahyco has been valued at INR ~ crore on company comparables basis. The company has been valued at average revenue multiple of ~x of different publically listed seed companies in India†¦Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Financial Performance on the basis of Revenues and EBIT in INR Crore, FY’2008-FY’2012 700. 0 600. 0 500. 0 400. 0 300. 0 200. 0 100. 0 0. 0 FY'2008 FY'2009 Revenues FY'2010E FY'2011 FY'2012 EBIT 11  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied Company Comparables on the Basis of Revenue in INR Crore, FY’2008-LTM year ending 31st December 2012 Revenue (in INR Crore) FY’2008 FY’2009 FY’2010 FY’2011 FY’2 012 LTM JK Agri Genetics Ltd. * Advanta India Limited** Monsanto India Ltd. Kaveri Seeds Company LimitedNath Seeds India Limited Company Comparable Analysis on the Basis of Market Capitalization, Net Debt and Enterprise Value and Valuation Multiples in INR Crore and Multiples, LTM 31st December 2012 (INR Crore, unless Stated) Company Last Twelve Months (LTM) Year Ending December 2012 Market Cap Net Debt Enterprise Value (EV) EV/Revenue EV/EBITDA P/E JK Agri Genetics Ltd. Advanta India Limited Monsanto India Ltd. Nath Seeds India Limited Kaveri Seeds Company Limited Mean Median 12  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copiedRelative Valuation Analysis on the Basis of Deal Value, Deal Stake and Multiples in INR Crore, Percentage and Multiples Date Target Company Deal Type 21-Feb-13 R J Biotech Limited IPO 24-Nov-12 Century Seeds Private Limited Inbound Acquisition 26-Jul-12 Advanta India Limited Inbound Acquisition 21-May-12 Bisco Bio Sciences Private Limit ed Inbound Acquisition 14-May-12 NaanDanJain Irrigation Limited Domestic Acquisition 24-Apr-12 Zero Waste Agro Organics Private Limited Domestic Acquisition 2-Apr-12 Super Agri Seeds Private Limited Private Equity Fund Raise 5-Mar-12 Gold'N ChicksLimited Inbound Acquisition 9-Dec-10 Metahellix Life Sciences Domestic Acquisition 7-Jan-08 Unicorn Seeds Limited Block Trade 22-Dec-07 Syngenta India Limited Inbound Acquisition 1-Jun-07 Golden Seeds Private Limited Deal Value INR (Cr) Stake % Implied EV/ Revenue Implied EV/ EBITDA Implied EV/ PAT Block Trade Mean Median 13  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied M ACRO ANALYSIS OF SEED INDUSTRY M ARKET SHARE OF MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE INDIAN HYBRID S EED INDUSTRY, FY’2012 The Indian hybrid seed industry is dominated by Nuziveedu Seeds Private Limited.The company has a market share of ~ % in the overall Indian hybrid seed industry followed by Mahyco and Monsanto India limited which have a share of ~% an d ~% respectively†¦ For Monsanto India, corn hybrid seed was the single biggest focus in seed business. Through its Project Golden Rays project the company has signed a public-private partnership with Rajasthan state government for increasing the maize hybrid yields by two folds†¦ Market Share of Major Players in Indian Hybrid Seed Market on the Basis of Contribution by Revenue in Percentage, FY’2012Nuziveedu Seeds Private limited Maharashtra Hybrid Corporation (Mahyco) Monsanto India Limited (MIL) Rasi Seeds Private Limited Bayer Crop Science limited – India Pioneer Seeds Syngenta India Ltd. Others 14  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied M AHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED M ANAGEMENT OUTLOOK AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS The company is planning to increase its focus on product portfolio of the company by increasing its expenditure on research and development.It is expected that the company will increase in research and dev elopment expenditure from INR 55. 0 crore to INR 100. 0 crore per year in the next four years. These expenditures will have a direct impact on the company’s revenues by bringing new and innovative products. Additionally, these research and development expenditures will also improve the quality of current product portfolio of the company which will lead to more cost efficient production process for the company. Due to this revenue of the company is expected to cross INR 2,000. crore till FY’2017 as improvement in products of the company through research and development will generate positive cash flows in the future and will lead to amplification of company’s revenues. It is expected that with the increase in revenues, operating margin of the company would also showcase an increasing trend. Additionally, Mahyco is planning to expand its operations in different nation specially neighbor countries of India by bringing new and innovative products so as to increase i ts penetration in the international seed market.M AHARASHTRA HYBRID SEEDS COMPANY LIMITED FUTURE P ROJECTION Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited is expected to cover hybrid paddy seed market in different countries such as ~ and ~. In FY’2012 the company has already started its commercial production in these nations and expected to increase the commercial production of these products in future as well. This will increase the market penetration of the company in the international seed market and will amplify the company’s revenues.Additionally, the company is expected to diverse its focus towards the production of hybrid rice seeds in the Indian seed market. As of now hybrid rice is contributing only ~% of the company’s overall revenues†¦ 15  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited is planning to introduce genetically modified (GM) seeds in food items in ~ and ~. Introduction of the se GM seeds will increase the company’s revenues from the international seed market†¦ The company is expected to showcase a revenue growth at a CAGR of ~% from FY’2012FY’2017.Mahyco is focusing on the development of Bollgard-II roundup ready flex cotton (BGII RRF)†¦ EBIT margin of the company is expected to be little under pressure as the company is expected to spend substantial amount in research and developments. EBIT of the company is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~% from FY’2012-FY’2017†¦ Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Limited Future Projections on the Basis of Revenues and EBIT in INR Crore and Percentage, FY’2013-FY’2017 2,500. 0 26. 0% 25. 0% 2,000. 0 1,500. 0 23. 0% 22. 0% 1,000. 0 in Percentage INR Crore 24. 0% 1. 0% 500. 0 20. 0% 0. 0 19. 0% FY'2013 FY'2014 Revenue FY'2015 FY'2016 FY'2017 EBIT Margin 16  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied D ISCLAIMER The research reports provided by Ken Research are for the personal information of the authorized recipient and is not for public distribution and should not be reproduced or redistributed without prior permission. You are permitted to print or download extracts from this material for your personal use only. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use.The information provided in the research documents is from publicly available data and other sources, which are reliable. 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